Question detail
What is the role of Tollens' reagent in distinguishing aldehydes from ketones? Explain the chemical reaction that occurs with an aldehyde.
Try the question, check the answer, then read the explanation to understand the curriculum point.
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Topic
Aldehydes and ketones (A-level only)
Question
What is the role of Tollens' reagent in distinguishing aldehydes from ketones? Explain the chemical reaction that occurs with an aldehyde.
Answer
Tollens' reagent acts as an oxidizing agent that reacts with aldehydes, converting them into carboxylic acids while reducing the silver ions to metallic silver, which forms a silver mirror. The reaction can be represented as: RCHO + [Ag(NH3)2]+ → RCOOH + Ag(s) + 2NH3. This reaction does not occur with ketones, as they are not oxidized by Tollens' reagent.
Explanation
This question assesses the student's ability to explain the specific chemical reaction involving Tollens' reagent and its selective reactivity with aldehydes. It requires knowledge of the reaction mechanism and the distinction between aldehydes and ketones, reinforcing the understanding of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry.
Common mistake
Confusing Aldehydes and Ketones
Students often confuse aldehydes and ketones, thinking they are the same due to both containing a carbonyl group.
Remember that aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it within the chain.
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