Describe the process of carrying out a simple acid-base titration, including the apparatus used and the steps involved.

In a simple acid-base titration, a burette is filled with a standard solution of acid or base. A measured volume of the other solution is placed in a conical flask with a few drops of indicator. The titrant is added from the burette to the flask while swirling until the endpoint is reached, indicated by a color change. The volume of titrant used is recorded. This answer is anchored to AS apparatus and techniques.

In a simple acid-base titration, a burette is filled with a standard solution of acid or base. A measured volume of the other solution is placed in a conical flask with a few drops of indicator. The titrant is added from the burette to the flask while swirling until the endpoint is reached, indicated by a color change. The volume of titrant used is recorded. is the best answer because it directly supports the AQA A-Level Chemistry objective to use heating, titration, distillation, filtration and chromatography techniques. This reasoning is anchored to AS apparatus and techniques in AS practical skills and required practical activities, and it separates titration from similar A-Level ideas rather than relying on a vague recall statement. Other options are weaker if they use the wrong evidence, calculation, mechanism, observation, unit, or conclusion for this subtopic.