Explain how to measure the temperature change during a reaction to determine the enthalpy change. Include the apparatus and method used.

To measure the temperature change during a reaction, a calorimeter is used. The reactants are mixed in the calorimeter, and the initial temperature is recorded. After the reaction, the final temperature is measured. The temperature change is calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. The enthalpy change can then be determined using the formula ΔH = q / n, where q is the heat absorbed or released and n is the number of moles of the limiting reactant. This answer is anchored to AS apparatus and techniques.

To measure the temperature change during a reaction, a calorimeter is used. The reactants are mixed in the calorimeter, and the initial temperature is recorded. After the reaction, the final temperature is measured. The temperature change is calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. The enthalpy change can then be determined using the formula ΔH = q / n, where q is the heat absorbed or released and n is the number of moles of the limiting reactant. is the best answer because it directly supports the AQA A-Level Chemistry objective to use heating, titration, distillation, filtration and chromatography techniques. This reasoning is anchored to AS apparatus and techniques in AS practical skills and required practical activities, and it separates titration from similar A-Level ideas rather than relying on a vague recall statement. Other options are weaker if they use the wrong evidence, calculation, mechanism, observation, unit, or conclusion for this subtopic.