Learning objective
Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate: Cromwell’s personality and approach to government and his refusal of the Crown; the limits of religious toleration; the Major Generals; the problem of the succession to Cromwell.
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Topic
Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only)
Subtopic
Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only)
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Understand this objective
Quick explanation
Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate: Cromwell’s personality and approach to government and his refusal of the Crown; the limits of religious toleration; the Major Generals; the problem of the succession to Cromwell
- This point belongs to Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only), especially Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only).
- You need to be able to oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate: Cromwell’s personality and approach to government and his refusal of the Crown; the limits of religious toleration; the Major Generals; the problem of the succession to Cromwell.
- Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.
Why it matters
This objective helps connect Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only) to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only).
Quick student answer
What was one of Oliver Cromwell's main reasons for refusing the Crown in 1657?
Direct answer
Cromwell refused the Crown primarily because he believed that accepting it would undermine the republican government established after the Civil War.
Key terms
- Protectorate: The period of governance under Oliver Cromwell from 1653 to 1658, characterized by military rule and attempts at establishing a godly society.
- Major Generals: Military officers appointed by Cromwell to oversee local governance and enforce laws during the Protectorate, reflecting a shift towards military authority.
Common trap
Overgeneralizing Cromwell's policies: Acknowledge the complexities of his policies, noting that while he promoted some religious freedoms, he also imposed restrictions.
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Related learning objectives
- The Third Civil War: the attempted Royalist revival; the defeat and exile of Prince Charles.
Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only)
- Political radicalism: failure of the Levellers and Diggers and the ‘Godly Society’; Quakers, Baptists and other radical sects; the Rump Parliament as an experiment in radical republicanism; the Parliament of the Saints.
Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only)
- The monarchy restored: political vacuum after the death of Cromwell; negotiations for the return of the monarchy under Charles II; the legacy of the English Revolution by 1660.
Experiments in government and society, 1648–1660 (A-level only)