Learning objective
The development of the Cultural Revolution: the actions of the Red Guards; Lin Biao and the PLA; the widening and radicalisation of campaigns; the purging of the Red Guards; the end of the campaign by 1969 and its political aftermath; the fortunes of Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and the Shanghai radicals, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping.
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Topic
The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only)
Subtopic
The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only)
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Understand this objective
Quick explanation
The development of the Cultural Revolution: the actions of the Red Guards; Lin Biao and the PLA; the widening and radicalisation of campaigns; the purging of the Red Guards; the end of the campaign by 1969 and its political aftermath; the fortunes of Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and the Shanghai radicals, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping
- This point belongs to The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only), especially The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only).
- You need to be able to the development of the Cultural Revolution: the actions of the Red Guards; Lin Biao and the PLA; the widening and radicalisation of campaigns; the purging of the Red Guards; the end of the campaign by 1969 and its political aftermath; the fortunes of Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and the Shanghai radicals, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping.
- Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.
Why it matters
This objective helps connect The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only) to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only).
Quick student answer
What was one of the main goals of the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution?
Direct answer
One of the main goals of the Red Guards was to eliminate traditional cultural practices, which they viewed as remnants of the 'Four Olds' (old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas).
Key terms
- Four Olds: Old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas that the Red Guards sought to eliminate during the Cultural Revolution.
- Gang of Four: A political faction led by Jiang Qing that played a significant role in the Cultural Revolution and was later blamed for its excesses.
Common trap
Misunderstanding the Red Guards' objectives: In reality, the Red Guards sought to eliminate traditional culture and enforce Maoist ideology, often through violent means.
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Related learning objectives
- The origins of the Cultural Revolution: the Shanghai radicals; Mao's aims; political divisions and the power struggle within the CCP; the purge of the party leadership and the fall of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping.
The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only)
- The economic, social and cultural impact of the Cultural Revolution: effect on economic growth; effect on young people; the 'four olds’; anarchy, repression and rectification; censorship and cultural stagnation; Mao's 'little red book'.
The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only)
- Foreign affairs: deterioration of relations with USSR and border conflict of 1969; improved relations with USA; Kissinger and Nixon's visits and ping-pong diplomacy; condition of China internally and externally at Mao's death.
The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976 (A-level only)