Exam-style question
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Which factor most directly limits the output swing of a real op‑amp?.
- A.Input offset voltage
- B.Supply voltage
- C.Gain‑bandwidth product
- D.Slew rate
Model answer
What a good answer should say
- Supply voltage
Explanation
Why this works
Initial state: The op‑amp is powered from ±15 V rails. Step‑by‑step execution: The maximum output swing is limited by the voltage difference between the rails; other parameters such as offset voltage or bandwidth do not increase this limit.
Final state: The output cannot exceed ±15 V regardless of input. Conclusion: The supply voltage directly limits the output swing of a real op‑amp.
Common mistake
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