Communicable diseases key terms

HIV transmission

The process by which the HIV virus is spread through sexual contact or the exchange of body fluids.

body fluids

Fluids such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions that can carry the HIV virus and facilitate its transmission.

tobacco mosaic virus

A widespread plant pathogen that affects many species, including tomatoes, causing a mosaic pattern of leaf discolouration.

plant pathogen

An organism, such as a virus or bacteria, that causes disease in plants, leading to reduced growth and yield.

tobacco mosaic virus

A widespread plant pathogen that causes a mosaic pattern of leaf discolouration, reducing photosynthesis and plant growth.

photosynthesis reduction

The decrease in the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, often due to diseases like tobacco mosaic virus.

salmonella food poisoning

A bacterial infection caused by the ingestion of salmonella bacteria found in contaminated food or prepared in unhygienic conditions.

spread

The process by which salmonella bacteria are transmitted through contaminated food or poor hygiene practices.

vaccination

A method of preventing disease by introducing a vaccine to stimulate the immune response.

salmonella

A type of bacteria that causes food poisoning and is spread through contaminated food or unhygienic conditions.

salmonella symptoms

Symptoms caused by salmonella infection, including fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

food poisoning

Illness caused by consuming food contaminated with salmonella bacteria, leading to various gastrointestinal symptoms.

salmonella

A type of bacteria that causes food poisoning, leading to symptoms such as fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

toxins

Poisonous substances produced by bacteria, including salmonella, that contribute to the symptoms of infection.

gonorrhoea

A sexually transmitted bacterial disease characterized by pain during urination and a thick yellow or green discharge.

bacterial disease

An illness caused by bacteria, which can be transmitted through various means, including sexual contact.

gonorrhoea

A sexually transmitted bacterial disease characterized by symptoms such as pain during urination and a thick discharge.

antibiotic resistance

The ability of bacteria, such as those causing gonorrhoea, to survive and multiply despite the presence of antibiotics like penicillin.

gonorrhoea

In Bacterial diseases, gonorrhoea refers to a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact. This matters in Communicable diseases because it supports the learning objective to explain that gonorrhoea is spread by sexual contact. Students should use this term accurately when they explain the biology, identify symptoms, or justify an answer in GCSE Biology questions.

sexual contact

The act of engaging in sexual activity, which is a primary mode of transmission for gonorrhoea.

gonorrhoea

In Bacterial diseases, gonorrhoea refers to a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can be spread through sexual contact. This matters in Communicable diseases because it supports the learning objective to explain that the spread of gonorrhoea can be controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of barrier contraception such as condoms. Students should use this term accurately when they explain the biology, identify symptoms, or justify an answer in GCSE Biology questions.

antibiotics

Medications used to treat bacterial infections, including gonorrhoea, by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

rose black spot

A fungal disease affecting plants, characterized by purple or black spots on leaves.

fungal disease

In Fungal diseases, fungal disease refers to a disease caused by fungi, which can affect various organisms, including plants. This matters in Communicable diseases because it supports the learning objective to identify rose black spot as a fungal disease of plants. Students should use this term accurately when they explain the biology, identify symptoms, or justify an answer in GCSE Biology questions.

rose black spot

In Fungal diseases, rose black spot refers to a fungal disease that causes purple or black spots on the leaves of plants. This matters in Communicable diseases because it supports the learning objective to describe rose black spot as causing purple or black spots on leaves. Students should use this term accurately when they explain the biology, identify symptoms, or justify an answer in GCSE Biology questions.

leaf infection

The condition where leaves are affected by diseases such as rose black spot, leading to discoloration and potential early leaf drop.

infected leaves

Leaves that have been affected by a disease, leading to changes in color and health.

yellowing

In Fungal diseases, yellowing refers to the process where leaves change color to yellow, often indicating stress or disease. This matters in Communicable diseases because it supports the learning objective to explain that infected leaves often turn yellow and fall early. Students should use this term accurately when they explain the biology, identify symptoms, or justify an answer in GCSE Biology questions.

rose black spot

A fungal disease that causes purple or black spots on the leaves of plants, reducing photosynthesis and affecting plant growth.

photosynthesis reduction

The decrease in the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, often due to diseases like rose black spot.