A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes key terms

simple distillation

A separation technique used to separate a liquid from a solution based on differences in boiling points.

fractional distillation

A separation technique used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points into its components.

chromatography

A separation technique that involves passing a mixture through a medium where components move at different rates.

mixture

A combination of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.

mixture

A combination of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.

purification

The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance. In Mixtures, this term helps explain suggest suitable separation and purification techniques when given information about a mixture for AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462.

mixture

A combination of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined.

separation technique

A method used to separate components of a mixture based on their physical properties.

scientific model

A representation or explanation of a phenomenon based on experimental evidence. In The development of the model of the atom, this term helps explain explain that new experimental evidence can change or replace a scientific model for AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462.

experimental evidence

Data and observations collected through experiments that can support or refute a scientific theory.

atom

The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

tiny spheres

The early concept of atoms as indivisible particles with no internal structure. In The development of the model of the atom, this term helps explain describe the early idea that atoms were tiny spheres that could not be divided for AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462.

electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom. In The development of the model of the atom, this term helps explain describe how discovery of the electron led to the plum pudding model for AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462.

plum pudding model

An early model of the atom proposed by J.J. Thomson, suggesting that electrons are embedded in a positively charged 'soup'.

plum pudding model

An early model of the atom where electrons are embedded in a positively charged 'soup'.

nuclear model

A model of the atom that describes a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around it.

alpha particle scattering

An experiment that demonstrated the existence of a small, dense nucleus in atoms, leading to the rejection of the plum pudding model.

plum pudding model

An early model of atomic structure that proposed atoms were composed of a positively charged 'soup' with negatively charged electrons embedded within.

nuclear model

A model of the atom that places most atomic mass and positive charge in the nucleus.

nucleus

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons, which holds most of the atom's mass.

Bohr model

A model of the atom where electrons are placed at specific distances from the nucleus.

nuclear model

A representation of the atom that places most atomic mass and positive charge in the nucleus.

proton

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, carrying a positive electrical charge.

nuclear model

A model of the atom that places most of the atomic mass and positive charge in the nucleus, with electrons orbiting around it.

neutron

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with no electrical charge.

Chadwick's work

Research conducted by James Chadwick that provided evidence for the existence of neutrons in the atomic nucleus.

atomic model

A theoretical representation of the structure and behavior of atoms, illustrating how scientific understanding has evolved over time.

scientific method

A systematic approach used in scientific inquiry to develop theories and models based on evidence and experimentation.

proton

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, with a relative electrical charge of +1.

relative electrical charge

The charge of a subatomic particle compared to the charge of a proton, used to describe the charge of particles like electrons and neutrons.