Explain how atomic structure relates to whether an element is a metal or non-metal.

The atomic structure of an element determines whether it is classified as a metal or a non-metal. Metals typically have fewer electrons in their outer shell, allowing them to lose electrons easily and form positive ions. This characteristic leads to metallic properties such as conductivity and malleability. In contrast, non-metals have more electrons in their outer shell, which makes it more favorable for them to gain or share electrons rather than lose them. This fundamental difference in electron arrangement explains the distinct physical and chemical properties observed between metals and non-metals.