Draw dot and cross diagrams for hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, ammonia and methane.

Dot and cross diagrams are visual representations used to illustrate covalent bonding by showing how atoms share pairs of electrons. In these diagrams, dots represent the electrons from one atom, while crosses represent the electrons from another. For example, in a water molecule (H₂O), the oxygen atom shares its electrons with two hydrogen atoms, forming covalent bonds. This method helps to clarify the arrangement of electrons and the bonding between atoms in small molecules like hydrogen (H₂), chlorine (Cl₂), and ammonia (NH₃), making it easier to understand molecular structures.