Identify weaknesses in selective statistical presentation of data.

Selective statistical presentation can mislead by highlighting only parts of a data set that support a particular view. Weaknesses arise when key information is omitted, such as extreme values, outliers, or the full range of data. Using measures of spread (range, quartiles, inter‑quartile range) and cumulative frequency helps reveal whether a summary is representative. A careful review of the data’s central tendency, spread, and any missing values is essential to detect bias or incomplete reporting in a selective presentation.