Study relations with Scotland, including the Great Cause, Scottish succession, Balliol, Bruce, Scottish campaigns, William Wallace, the First War of Scottish Independence and Edward I's reputation as Hammer of the Scots.

Exam argument: Part three: Edward I's military campaigns in Wales and Scotland in BB Medieval England: the reign of Edward I, 1272-1307 (Paper 2 Section B: British depth studies including the historic environment) provides the direct anchor for this learning objective. Students focus on Study relations with Scotland, including the Great Cause, Scottish succession, Balliol, Bruce, Scottish campaigns, William Wallace, the First War of Scottish Independence and Edward I's reputation as Hammer of the Scots. The explanation should use the subtopic wording, the relevant period, named events or individuals where appropriate, and precise historical evidence. It should then separate cause from consequence, change from continuity, and significance from importance while keeping sources, interpretations, evidence and opinion distinct.