Define specific heat capacity as the energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius. This concept is crucial in understanding how different materials respond to heat. For example, substances with a high specific heat capacity can absorb a lot of heat without a significant increase in temperature, making them useful in applications like thermal insulation. Conversely, materials with low specific heat capacities heat up quickly, which can be advantageous in cooking or heating processes. Understanding specific heat capacity helps in calculating energy changes in systems during heating.