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Explain how the placenta and umbilical cord function in the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and fetus's blood.

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Cambridge IGCSE BiologyReproductionSupplement content

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Explain how the placenta and umbilical cord function in the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and fetus's blood

  • This point belongs to Sexual reproduction in humans, especially Sexual reproduction in humans outcomes.
  • You need to be able to explain how the placenta and umbilical cord function in the transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and fetus's blood.
  • The key ideas to know are Describe.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

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Describe

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Paper 4 structured question: Sexual reproduction in humans

Paper 4Theory (Extended)3 marks

Diagram Description

Diagram of Placenta and Umbilical Cord

A diagram shows the placenta attached to the uterine wall with the umbilical cord connecting the fetus to the placenta. Arrows indicate the movement of oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus and waste products from fetus to mother.

SubstanceDirection of Transfer
OxygenMother to fetus
NutrientsMother to fetus
Carbon dioxideFetus to mother
Waste productsFetus to mother
  1. a

    Describe how the placenta and umbilical cord function in the transfer of substances between the mother and fetus.

    Aim for approximately 3 distinct marking points.

    [3]
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