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Learning objective

Explore and explain instances of both continuous and discontinuous variation.

Read the explanation, check the common trap, then practise with flashcards and questions.

Exam focus

  • Read the explanation.
  • Check key terms.
  • Practise with linked questions.
Cambridge IGCSE BiologyVariation and selectionCore contentPractical objective

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Quick explanation

Explore and explain instances of both continuous and discontinuous variation

  • This point belongs to Variation, especially Variation outcomes.
  • You need to be able to explore and explain instances of both continuous and discontinuous variation.
  • The key ideas to know are Describe and Investigate.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

DescribeInvestigate

Why it matters

This objective helps connect Variation outcomes to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for Variation.

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Paper 6 structured question: Variation

Paper 6Alternative to PracticalPractical5 marks

Method

Method to investigate variation in human traits

A class measures the height and records the blood group of 30 students. Heights are measured using a meter rule to the nearest millimeter. Blood groups are identified from medical records. The independent variable is the trait type (height or blood group). The dependent variable is the measurement or category recorded. Control variables include measuring height at the same time of day and using the same equipment.

StepDescription
1Measure height of each student using a meter rule.
2Record blood group of each student from medical records.
3Repeat measurements to ensure accuracy.
4Record data in a table.
5Analyze data to identify variation type.
  1. a

    Identify the independent and dependent variables in this investigation.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]
  2. b

    Explain how the data collected can show continuous and discontinuous variation.

    Aim for approximately 3 distinct marking points.

    [3]
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