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Learning objective

Students should be able to identify and clarify the factors that lead to flooding, including: intense rainfall, extended periods of rain, melting snow, topography, soil conditions such as saturation and compaction, human activities like deforestation, farming, and urban development, as well as natural events like storm surges and tsunamis, and the impact of rising sea levels due to climate change.

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  • Read the explanation.
  • Check key terms.
  • Practise with linked questions.
Cambridge IGCSE Environmental ManagementManaging natural hazards

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Quick explanation

Students should be able to identify and clarify the factors that lead to flooding, including: intense rainfall, extended periods of rain, melting snow, topography, soil conditions such as saturation and compaction, human activities like deforestation, farming, and urban development, as well as natural events like storm surges and tsunamis, and the impact of rising sea levels due to climate change

  • This point belongs to Flooding, especially Flooding outcomes.
  • You need to be able to students should be able to identify and clarify the factors that lead to flooding, including: intense rainfall, extended periods of rain, melting snow, topography, soil conditions such as saturation and compaction, human activities like deforestation, farming, and urban development, as well as natural events like storm surges and tsunamis, and the impact of rising sea levels due to climate change.
  • The key ideas to know are Describe, Explain, and Identify.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

DescribeExplainIdentify

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Paper 1 structured question: Flooding

Paper 1Theory4 marks

Description

Causes of Flooding

Flooding can result from various factors including intense rainfall, long periods of rain, melting snow, topography, soil conditions like saturation and compaction, human activities such as deforestation, farming, urban development, natural events like storm surges and tsunamis, and rising sea levels due to climate change.

  1. a

    Identify Two human activities that can increase the risk of flooding.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]
  2. b

    Explain How soil saturation contributes to flooding.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]
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