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Learning objective

Students should be able to: • summarize where significant ocean currents are located • recognize the locations of key cold and warm ocean currents (specific names are not necessary) • clarify how major marine fish populations are distributed • shallow water populations on continental shelves • the influence of cold and warm ocean currents • outline the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its impacts on fisheries along the Pacific coast of South America

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Cambridge IGCSE Environmental ManagementOceans and fisheries

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Quick explanation

Students should be able to: • summarize where significant ocean currents are located • recognize the locations of key cold and warm ocean currents (specific names are not necessary) • clarify how major marine fish populations are distributed • shallow water populations on continental shelves • the influence of cold and warm ocean currents • outline the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its impacts on fisheries along the Pacific coast of South America

  • This point belongs to World fisheries, especially World fisheries outcomes.
  • You need to be able to students should be able to: • summarize where significant ocean currents are located • recognize the locations of key cold and warm ocean currents (specific names are not necessary) • clarify how major marine fish populations are distributed • shallow water populations on continental shelves • the influence of cold and warm ocean currents • outline the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its impacts on fisheries along the Pacific coast of South America.
  • The key ideas to know are Outline, Identify, and Explain.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

OutlineIdentifyExplainDescribe

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Description

Ocean Currents and Fish Distribution

Ocean currents can be broadly categorized as warm or cold. Warm currents flow from equatorial regions toward the poles, while cold currents flow from polar regions toward the equator. Shallow water fish populations are mainly found on continental shelves. Cold currents bring nutrient-rich waters that support abundant fish populations. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean that disrupts normal ocean currents and reduces fish populations along the Pacific coast of South America.

  1. a

    Outline the general locations of significant ocean currents and their temperature characteristics.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]
  2. b

    Explain how ENSO affects fisheries along the Pacific coast of South America.

    Aim for approximately 4 distinct marking points.

    [4]
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