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Learners must comprehend the characteristics, applications, benefits, and drawbacks of the four implementation methods: direct changeover, parallel running, pilot running, and phased implementation.

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Cambridge IGCSE Information and Communication TechnologyThe systems life cycle

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Learners must comprehend the characteristics, applications, benefits, and drawbacks of the four implementation methods: direct changeover, parallel running, pilot running, and phased implementation

  • This point belongs to Implementation, especially Implementation outcomes.
  • You need to be able to learners must comprehend the characteristics, applications, benefits, and drawbacks of the four implementation methods: direct changeover, parallel running, pilot running, and phased implementation.
  • The key ideas to know are Describe, Explain, and Evaluate.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

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DescribeExplainEvaluateDiscuss

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Paper 1Theory6 marks

Description

Implementation Methods

The organization is considering four methods to implement the new system: direct changeover, parallel running, pilot running, and phased implementation. Each method has different characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks.

MethodDescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages
Direct changeoverOld system is replaced immediately by the new system.Quick implementation; no need to run two systems.High risk if new system fails; no fallback.
Parallel runningBoth old and new systems run simultaneously for a period.Safe transition; fallback available.Costly; requires extra resources.
Pilot runningNew system is tested in a small part of the organization first.Reduces risk; allows testing.Takes longer; limited initial use.
Phased implementationNew system is introduced in stages over time.Spreads risk; manageable workload.Complex to manage; longer implementation.
  1. a

    Describe Describe the main characteristic of the direct changeover method.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]
  2. b

    Explain Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of parallel running.

    Aim for approximately 4 distinct marking points.

    [4]
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