Question detail
Explain the process of ligand substitution using the example of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacting with ammonia.
Try the question, check the answer, then read the explanation to understand the curriculum point.
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Topic
Transition metals (A-level only)
Question
Explain the process of ligand substitution using the example of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacting with ammonia.
Answer
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacts with ammonia to form [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ and 2H2O. In this reaction, two water ligands are replaced by two ammonia ligands, demonstrating the ligand substitution process.
Explanation
This answer is strong as it provides a specific example of ligand substitution, illustrating the concept with a clear chemical reaction. The question tests the ability to apply knowledge of ligand substitution in a practical context.
Common mistake
Misunderstanding Ligand Substitution
Students often confuse ligand substitution reactions with simple displacement reactions, failing to recognize that ligands are replaced in complex ions rather than just being displaced.
To clarify ligand substitution, remember that a ligand is a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a metal ion to form a coordinate bond. In a ligand substitution reaction, one ligand is replaced by another, maintaining the coordination number of the metal ion. For example, in the reaction [Cu(H2O)6]²⁺ + 4Cl⁻ → [CuCl4]²⁻ + 6H2O, the water ligands are replaced by chloride ions.
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