Question detail
Explain the role of ligands in the formation of complex ions, using an example of a ligand substitution reaction.
Try the question, check the answer, then read the explanation to understand the curriculum point.
At a glance
Question
Type
exam_style
Style
Topic
Transition metals (A-level only)
Question
Explain the role of ligands in the formation of complex ions, using an example of a ligand substitution reaction.
Answer
Ligands are molecules or ions that donate a pair of electrons to a transition metal to form coordinate bonds. For example, in the reaction of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ with Cl- ions, water molecules are replaced by chloride ions, forming [CuCl4]2-.
Explanation
This question assesses the student's understanding of ligands and their role in complex ion formation. It requires the student to explain the concept and provide a specific example, demonstrating their grasp of ligand substitution reactions.
Common mistake
Incorrect Representation of Ligand Substitution
Students often write ligand substitution reactions without balancing the equation or including the correct charges on the ions involved.
To fix this, always ensure that the equation is balanced and that the charges on the complex ions and ligands are correctly represented. For example, in the substitution of water by ammonia in [Cu(H2O)6]²⁺ to form [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]²⁺, write the balanced equation: [Cu(H2O)6]²⁺ + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]²⁺ + 2H2O.
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