Alkanes key terms

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure, causing it to change into vapor.

Fractional Distillation

A process used to separate a mixture into its component parts or fractions based on differences in boiling points.

Fractional Distillation

A process used to separate a mixture into its component parts based on differences in boiling points.

Cracking

The process of breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules, typically using heat and catalysts.

Cracking

A process that breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons, typically using heat and catalysts.

Fractional Distillation

A separation technique used to separate a mixture of liquids into its individual components based on differences in boiling points.

Cracking

A process used to break down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules, typically alkanes and alkenes.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Combustion

A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, producing heat and light.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations.

Combustion

A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, producing heat and light.

Pollutants

Substances that cause harm to the environment or human health when released into the air, water, or soil.

Catalytic Converter

A device used in vehicles to reduce harmful emissions by converting pollutants into less harmful substances.

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Gases produced from combustion processes that contribute to air pollution and smog formation.

Sorbent

A material used to absorb or adsorb another substance, often used in the context of removing pollutants from gases.

Acid rain

Precipitation that is significantly more acidic than natural, unpolluted rainwater, often caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.

Free radical

An atom or molecule that has unpaired electrons, making it highly reactive.

Chlorination

A chemical reaction that introduces chlorine into a compound, often through free-radical substitution.

Substitution reaction

A chemical reaction in which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group.

Free radical

An atom or molecule that has an unpaired electron and is highly reactive.

Chlorination

A chemical reaction in which chlorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in an alkane.

Radical

A highly reactive species with an unpaired electron.