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Chromatography (A-level only)

This A-level-only topic uses separation techniques to analyse chemical mixtures.

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90 min

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AQAA LevelChemistryOrganic chemistry

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Chromatography (A-level only)4 objectives

stationary phasemobile phaseRf valuechromatogramretention timechromatography

Understanding Phases in Chromatography: Explain clearly by remember that the stationary phase does not move, while the mobile phase carries the components of the mixture. Link the point to Chromatography (A-level only), then state the evidence, calculation, mechanism, observation, or conclusion required by the question.
Identifying Components in Chromatograms: Use chromatography terms precisely: For chromatography ALC-cc8ea415, keep the terms separate. The stationary phase is the paper or solid surface and does not move. The mobile phase moves through the paper and carries the sample. The Rf value equals distance moved by the substance or spot divided by distance moved by the solvent front. Use this wording to avoid reversing the Rf relationship or mixing up the fixed and moving phases.

Confusing Phases: Remember that the stationary phase is the substance that does not move, while the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the mixture through the stationary phase.
Misinterpreting Rf Values: Use the formula Rf = distance traveled by the substance / distance traveled by the solvent front. Ensure both distances are measured from the same starting point.

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