Amount of substance key terms

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Mole Ratio

The ratio of moles of one substance to the moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equation.

Empirical formula

The simplest whole‑number ratio of the atoms in a compound.

Relative molecular mass

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, expressed in g mol⁻¹.

Empirical Formula

The simplest ratio of elements in a compound.

Combustion Analysis

A method used to determine the elemental composition of a substance by burning it and analyzing the products.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations.

Reactants

Substances that undergo a chemical change in a reaction.

Mole

The amount of substance that contains 6.022×10²³ elementary entities and is used to relate mass to number of particles.

Limiting reactant

The reactant that determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed because it is used up first.

Limiting reagent

The reactant that is entirely consumed first in a reaction, limiting the amount of product that can form.

Stoichiometric coefficient

The numerical factor in a balanced equation that indicates the relative number of moles of each species involved.

Limiting reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Stoichiometry

The quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation, used to calculate theoretical yields.

Atom Economy

A measure of the proportion of reactants that become useful products in a chemical reaction.

Desired Product

The specific product that is intended to be produced in a chemical reaction.

Percentage Yield

The ratio of the actual yield of a product to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Atom Economy

A measure of the efficiency of a reaction in converting reactants into useful products, calculated as the ratio of the molar mass of the desired products to the total molar mass of all reactants.

Titrant

The solution of known concentration added to the analyte during a titration.

Analyte

The substance of unknown concentration being analysed in a titration.

Endpoint

The point in a titration at which the reaction is complete, often indicated by a color change.

Titrant

The solution of known concentration that is added to the analyte in a titration.

Standard solution

A solution whose concentration is known precisely, typically prepared by dissolving a weighed amount of a pure solute in a known volume of solvent.

Equivalence point

The point in a titration at which the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of analyte present, resulting in complete reaction.

Equivalence point

The point in a titration at which the stoichiometric amount of titrant has reacted with the analyte, resulting in complete consumption of the analyte.

Stoichiometric ratio

The ratio of the amounts of reactants or products as expressed by the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation.

Equivalence point

The point in a titration where the number of moles of titrant added equals the number of moles of analyte present.

Indicator

A weak acid or base that changes colour over a narrow pH range, used to signal the endpoint of a titration.