Describe London dispersion forces between molecules.

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules. These fluctuations create instantaneous dipoles, which induce dipoles in neighboring molecules, resulting in an attractive force. The strength of London dispersion forces increases with the size of the molecules and their surface area, as larger molecules have more electrons, leading to greater polarizability. Consequently, substances with significant London dispersion forces may exhibit higher boiling points due to the increased energy required to overcome these forces during a phase change.