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Learning objective

Explain the effect of lone pairs on bond angles.

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Topic

Bonding

Subtopic

Covalent bonding and molecular shape

Aqa A Level ChemistryPhysical chemistry

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Quick explanation

Explain the effect of lone pairs on bond angles

  • This point belongs to Bonding, especially Covalent bonding and molecular shape.
  • You need to be able to explain the effect of lone pairs on bond angles.
  • The key ideas to know are bond angle and lone pair.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

bond anglelone pair

Why it matters

This objective helps connect Covalent bonding and molecular shape to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for Bonding.

Quick student answer

Which of the following molecules has the smallest bond angle between the bonded atoms?

Direct answer

H₂O

Key terms

  • Lone pair: A pair of valence electrons that is not shared with another atom and is localized on a single atom.
  • VSEPR theory: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory, which predicts molecular geometry based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom.

Common trap

Ignoring lone pair effects: Always identify the number of lone pairs and apply the VSEPR repulsion parameters to adjust the ideal angle.

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