What are the limitations of predictions based on standard electrode potentials in electrochemical cells?

Predictions based on standard electrode potentials assume that all reactants and products are in their standard states, which may not reflect real conditions. Factors such as concentration, temperature, and pressure can significantly affect the actual cell potential, leading to discrepancies between predicted and observed values. This answer is anchored to Feasibility and applications of cells (A-level only).

Predictions based on standard electrode potentials assume that all reactants and products are in their standard states, which may not reflect real conditions. Factors such as concentration, temperature, and pressure can significantly affect the actual cell potential, leading to discrepancies between predicted and observed values. is the best answer because it directly supports the AQA A-Level Chemistry objective to explain limitations of predictions based on standard conditions. This reasoning is anchored to Feasibility and applications of cells (A-level only) in Electrode potentials and electrochemical cells (A-level only), and it separates predictions from similar A-Level ideas rather than relying on a vague recall statement. Other options are weaker if they use the wrong evidence, calculation, mechanism, observation, unit, or conclusion for this subtopic.