Learning objective
TCP/IP: Describe the role of the four layers of the TCP/IP stack (application, transport, network, link). Describe the role of sockets in the TCP/IP stack. Be familiar with the role of MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. Explain what the well-known ports and client ports are used for and the differences between them.
Read the explanation, check the common trap, then practise with flashcards and questions.
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Topic
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Subtopic
TCP/IP
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Quick explanation
TCP/IP: Describe the role of the four layers of the TCP/IP stack (application, transport, network, link). Describe the role of sockets in the TCP/IP stack. Be familiar with the role of MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. Explain what the well-known ports and client ports are used for and the differences between them
- This point belongs to The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), especially TCP/IP.
- You need to be able to tCP/IP: Describe the role of the four layers of the TCP/IP stack (application, transport, network, link). Describe the role of sockets in the TCP/IP stack. Be familiar with the role of MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. Explain what the well-known ports and client ports are used for and the differences between them.
- Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.
Why it matters
This objective helps connect TCP/IP to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Quick student answer
Which statement best describes the role of the application layer in the TCP/IP stack?
Direct answer
It provides network services directly to applications.
Key terms
- Socket: An endpoint for network communication identified by an IP address and a port number.
- MAC address: An address associated with a network interface and used to identify a device for communication on a local network.
Common trap
Confusing addresses and ports: Explain that an IP address supports identification and routing to a device, a MAC address supports local-network delivery, and a port number identifies a process or service on a device.
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Related learning objectives
- Standard application layer protocols: Be familiar with the following protocols: • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) • HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) • POP3 (Post Office Protocol (v3)) • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) • SSH (Secure Shell). Be familiar with FTP client software and an FTP server, with regard to transferring files using anonymous and non-anonymous access. Be familiar with how SSH is used for remote management. Know how an SSH client is used to make a TCP connection to a remote port for the purpose of sending commands to this port using application level protocols such as GET for HTTP, SMTP commands for sending email and POP3 for retrieving email. Be familiar with using SSH to log in securely to a remote computer and execute commands. Explain the role of an email server in retrieving and sending email. Explain the role of a web server in serving up web pages in text form. Understand the role of a web browser in retrieving web pages and web page resources and rendering these accordingly.
Standard application layer protocols
- IP address structure: Know that an IP address is split into a network identifier part and a host identifier part.
IP address structure
- Subnet masking: Know that networks can be divided into subnets and know how a subnet mask is used to identify the network identifier part of the IP address.
Subnet masking
- IP standards: Know that there are currently two standards of IP address, v4 and v6. Know why v6 was introduced. 86
IP standards
- Public and private IP addresses: Distinguish between routable and non-routable IP addresses.
Public and private IP addresses