Learning objective
Procedural-oriented programming: Understand the structured approach to program design and construction. Be able to construct and use hierarchy charts when designing programs. Be able to explain the advantages of the structured approach.
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Topic
Programming paradigms
Subtopic
Procedural-oriented programming
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Understand this objective
Quick explanation
Procedural-oriented programming: Understand the structured approach to program design and construction. Be able to construct and use hierarchy charts when designing programs. Be able to explain the advantages of the structured approach
- This point belongs to Programming paradigms, especially Procedural-oriented programming.
- You need to be able to procedural-oriented programming: Understand the structured approach to program design and construction. Be able to construct and use hierarchy charts when designing programs. Be able to explain the advantages of the structured approach.
- Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.
Why it matters
This objective helps connect Procedural-oriented programming to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for Programming paradigms.
Quick student answer
What is the main purpose of a hierarchy chart during program design?
Direct answer
To show how a program is broken into modules and how those modules relate
Key terms
- Structured approach: A systematic method of program design and construction that organises a program into logically related modules.
- Hierarchy chart: A diagram showing the decomposition of a program into levels of modules, with higher-level tasks connected to lower-level subtasks.
Common trap
Confusing a hierarchy chart with program code: Explain that a hierarchy chart shows the structure of modules and the relationships between higher-level and lower-level tasks; it does not provide the detailed code or necessarily show exact execution order.
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Related learning objectives
- Programming paradigms: Understand the characteristics of the procedural- and object-oriented programming paradigms, and have experience of programming in each.
Programming paradigms
- Object-oriented programming: Be familiar with the concepts of: • class • object • instantiation • encapsulation • inheritance • aggregation • composition • polymorphism • overriding. Students should know that: • a class defines methods and property/ attribute fields that capture the common behaviours and characteristics of objects • objects based on a class are created using a constructor, implicit or explicit, and a reference to the object assigned to a reference variable of the class type • in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) composition is represented by a black diamond line and aggregation by a white diamond line. Know why the object-oriented paradigm is used. Be aware of the following object-oriented design principles: • encapsulate what varies • favour composition over inheritance • program to interfaces, not implementation. Students would benefit from practical experience of programming to an interface, but will not be explicitly tested on programming to interfaces or be required to program to interfaces in any practical exam. 46 Be able to write object-oriented programs. Practical experience of coding for user-defined classes involving: • abstract, virtual and static methods • inheritance • aggregation • polymorphism • public, private and protected specifiers. Be able to draw and interpret class diagrams. Class diagrams involving single inheritance, composition (black diamond line), aggregation (white diamond line), public (+), private (-) and protected (#) specifiers.
Object-oriented programming