Learning objective
Programming paradigms: Understand the characteristics of the procedural- and object-oriented programming paradigms, and have experience of programming in each.
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Programming paradigms
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Programming paradigms
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Quick explanation
Programming paradigms: Understand the characteristics of the procedural- and object-oriented programming paradigms, and have experience of programming in each
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- Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.
Why it matters
This objective helps connect Programming paradigms to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for Programming paradigms.
Quick student answer
Which description best matches the procedural programming paradigm?
Direct answer
A program organised mainly as a sequence of procedures or functions that operate on data
Key terms
- Procedural programming: A programming paradigm in which a program is organised mainly around procedures or functions that operate on data.
- Object-oriented programming: A programming paradigm in which a program is organised around objects that combine data with operations related to that data.
Common trap
Confusing a programming language with a programming paradigm: Describe how the program is organised: procedures or functions in the procedural paradigm, and objects containing data and related operations in the object-oriented paradigm.
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Related learning objectives
- Procedural-oriented programming: Understand the structured approach to program design and construction. Be able to construct and use hierarchy charts when designing programs. Be able to explain the advantages of the structured approach.
Procedural-oriented programming
- Object-oriented programming: Be familiar with the concepts of: • class • object • instantiation • encapsulation • inheritance • aggregation • composition • polymorphism • overriding. Students should know that: • a class defines methods and property/ attribute fields that capture the common behaviours and characteristics of objects • objects based on a class are created using a constructor, implicit or explicit, and a reference to the object assigned to a reference variable of the class type • in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) composition is represented by a black diamond line and aggregation by a white diamond line. Know why the object-oriented paradigm is used. Be aware of the following object-oriented design principles: • encapsulate what varies • favour composition over inheritance • program to interfaces, not implementation. Students would benefit from practical experience of programming to an interface, but will not be explicitly tested on programming to interfaces or be required to program to interfaces in any practical exam. 46 Be able to write object-oriented programs. Practical experience of coding for user-defined classes involving: • abstract, virtual and static methods • inheritance • aggregation • polymorphism • public, private and protected specifiers. Be able to draw and interpret class diagrams. Class diagrams involving single inheritance, composition (black diamond line), aggregation (white diamond line), public (+), private (-) and protected (#) specifiers.
Object-oriented programming