Performance characteristics of materials key terms

Tex

A unit of measurement for yarn thickness, defined as the weight in grams of 1000 meters of yarn.

Denier

A unit of measurement for yarn thickness, defined as the weight in grams of 9000 meters of yarn.

False twist texturising

A process used to create textured yarns by twisting the yarn in a way that introduces bulk and elasticity.

Bouclé yarn

A fancy yarn made with loops that create a textured surface, often used in fashion textiles for added visual interest.

Twill weave

A type of weave that produces a diagonal ribbing pattern, commonly used in fabrics like denim and gabardine.

Satin weave

A weaving technique that creates a smooth, glossy surface by floating threads over several others, used in fabrics like satin and sateen.

Weft Knitting

A knitting method where yarn is interlocked horizontally, allowing for stretch.

Warp Knitting

A knitting method where yarn is interlocked vertically, resulting in a more stable fabric.

Single Jersey

A type of weft knit fabric that is lightweight, stretchy, and has a smooth surface on one side.

Lace

A delicate fabric made from threads that are woven or knitted into intricate patterns, often used in fashion for decorative purposes.

Bonding

The process of joining fibres together to create non-woven fabrics, often using heat, pressure, or adhesives.

Felting

A method of fabric production where fibres are matted together, typically using moisture, heat, and agitation.

Smart Material

A material that can change its properties in response to external stimuli.

Phase Change Material (PCM)

A material that absorbs or releases heat when it changes from solid to liquid or vice versa.

Smart Materials

Materials that can alter their properties in response to external stimuli.

Thermochromic

Materials that change color in response to temperature variations.

Moisture-wicking

A property of fabrics that draws moisture away from the body to the surface of the fabric, where it can evaporate.

Breathability

The ability of a fabric to allow air and moisture to pass through it, enhancing comfort in clothing.

Moisture-wicking

A property of fabrics that allows them to draw moisture away from the skin to the outer surface.

Abrasion resistance

The ability of a fabric to withstand wear and tear from friction.

Microencapsulation

A process that involves enclosing active substances in a protective coating to control their release in textiles.

Ceramic fibres

Fibres made from inorganic materials that provide high-temperature resistance and UV protection in textiles.

Lycra®

A synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity, often used in activewear and swimwear.

Lyocell®

A biodegradable fiber made from wood pulp, known for its softness and eco-friendly production.

Durability

The ability of a fabric to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.

Thermal qualities

The ability of a fabric to insulate, retain, or transfer heat.

Pattern Repeat

The regular interval at which a design motif is repeated across a fabric.

Nap

The raised surface of a fabric that can be felt, influencing its texture and appearance.

Woven Fabrics

Fabrics created by interlacing two sets of yarns, known for their strength and stability.

Non-Woven Fabrics

Fabrics made from fibers bonded together without weaving, typically lacking strength and grain.