Economy, society and politics, 1846–1885 (A-level only) key terms

Liberal Party

A political party formed in 1859 that emerged from the Whigs and other reformist groups, advocating for free trade, social reform, and civil liberties.

Corn Laws

A series of laws governing the import and export of grain, which were repealed in 1846, marking a significant shift towards free trade in Britain.

Liberalism

A political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, democracy, and the protection of civil liberties, often associated with the policies of the Liberal Party in the 19th century.

Conservatism

A political ideology that promotes traditional institutions and values, advocating for gradual change rather than radical reform, often associated with the policies of the Conservative Party.

Urbanization

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in urban areas, often associated with industrialization.

Public Health

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of society.

Industrialisation

The process of transforming an economy from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.

Urbanisation

The movement of populations from rural areas to cities, often associated with industrial growth and economic opportunities.

Urbanization

The process by which cities grow as populations migrate from rural areas to urban centers, often resulting in social and economic changes.

Evangelicalism

A movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes personal faith, social reform, and the importance of spreading the Gospel.

Industrialisation

The process by which economies transform from agrarian to industrial, characterized by the growth of factories and urban centers.

Democracy

A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.