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The end of the First World War and the peace settlement, 1917–1923

The failure of international peace and the origins of the: The end of the First World War and the peace settlement, 1917–1923

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88 min

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AqaA LevelHistory2K International Relations and Global Conflict, c1890–1941

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The end of the First World War and the peace settlement, 1917–19234 objectives

The collapse of the autocratic empires: Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire; nationalist ambitions and the impact on international relations and peace-making.
Peace-making, 1919–1923: the roles and aims of Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George; the Treaty of Versailles; the East and Southern European settlements and the settlement with Turkey.
Challenges to the peace settlement: the consequences of the USA’s return to isolationism and the League of Nations; the responses to the post-war settlement in France, Britain and Germany.
The state of international relations by 1923: the position of the USA and Russia in world affairs; continuing border disputes; the occupation of the Ruhr and its consequences.

ReparationsNationalismSelf-determinationHyperinflation

Use specific examples in your answers: When discussing the impact of the peace settlements, always reference specific treaties and their terms.
Use specific examples: When discussing the Treaty of Versailles, include specific provisions and their consequences.

Confusing the causes of the war with the peace settlements: Focus on the specific terms and consequences of the treaties, rather than the causes of the war itself.
Overgeneralizing the Treaty’s impact: Focus on how the Treaty’s terms created economic hardship and political instability in Germany, leading to the rise of extremist parties.

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