Statistics key terms

population

population is a method cue for Statistical sampling. Use it when working on "K1 Understand and use the terms population and sample; use samples to make informal inferences about the population; understand and use sampling techniques including simple random sampling and opportunity sampling; select or critique sampling techniques in context, including understanding that different samples can lead to different conclusions about the population." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

frequency

frequency is a method cue for Single-variable data diagrams. Use it when working on "L1 Interpret diagrams for single-variable data, including understanding that area in a histogram represents frequency; connect to probability distributions." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

scatter diagrams

scatter diagrams is a method cue for Scatter diagrams and regression lines. Use it when working on "L2 Interpret scatter diagrams and regression lines for bivariate data, including recognition of scatter diagrams with distinct sections of the population; understand informal interpretation of correlation; understand that correlation does not imply causation; calculations involving regression lines are excluded." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

standard deviation

standard deviation is a method cue for Central tendency and variation. Use it when working on "L3 Interpret measures of central tendency and variation, extending to standard deviation; calculate standard deviation, including from summary statistics." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

outliers

outliers is a method cue for Outliers and data presentation. Use it when working on "L4 Recognise and interpret possible outliers in data sets and statistical diagrams; select or critique data presentation techniques in context; clean data including dealing with missing data, errors and outliers." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

mutually exclusive

mutually exclusive is a method cue for Mutually exclusive and independent events. Use it when working on "M1 Understand and use mutually exclusive and independent events when calculating probabilities; link to discrete and continuous distributions." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

conditional probability

conditional probability is a method cue for Conditional probability. Use it when working on "M2 Understand and use conditional probability, including tree diagrams, Venn diagrams and two-way tables; understand and use the conditional probability formula P(A|B) = P(A and B) / P(B)." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

assumptions

assumptions is a method cue for Probability modelling. Use it when working on "M3 Model with probability, including critiquing assumptions made and the likely effect of more realistic assumptions." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

binomial distribution

binomial distribution is a method cue for Discrete and binomial distributions. Use it when working on "N1 Understand and use simple discrete probability distributions, excluding calculation of mean and variance of discrete random variables; use the binomial distribution as a model and calculate probabilities using the binomial distribution." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

Normal distribution

Normal distribution is a method cue for Normal distribution. Use it when working on "N2 Understand and use the Normal distribution as a model; find probabilities using the Normal distribution; link to histograms, mean, standard deviation, points of inflection and the binomial distribution." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

Normal model

Normal model is a method cue for Distribution selection. Use it when working on "N3 Select an appropriate probability distribution for a context, with appropriate reasoning, including recognising when the binomial or Normal model may not be appropriate." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

null hypothesis

null hypothesis is a method cue for Hypothesis testing language. Use it when working on "O1 Understand and apply the language of statistical hypothesis testing, developed through a binomial model, including null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, significance level, test statistic, one-tail test, two-tail test, critical value, critical region, acceptance region and p-value; extend to correlation coefficients as measures of how close data points lie to a straight line and interpret a given correlation coefficient using a given p-value or critical value, excluding calculation of correlation coefficients." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

hypothesis test

hypothesis test is a method cue for Binomial hypothesis test for a proportion. Use it when working on "O2 Conduct a statistical hypothesis test for the proportion in the binomial distribution and interpret results in context; understand that a sample is used to make an inference about the population and that the significance level is the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

hypothesis test

hypothesis test is a method cue for Normal hypothesis test for a mean. Use it when working on "O3 Conduct a statistical hypothesis test for the mean of a Normal distribution with known, given or assumed variance and interpret the results in context." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.

large data set

large data set is a method cue for Use of data in statistics. Use it when working on "3.21 Use one or more real, sufficiently rich large data sets in advance of final assessment; use technology such as spreadsheets or specialist statistical packages to explore the data set; interpret real data in summary or graphical form; use data to investigate questions arising in real contexts; analyse subsets or features of the data using a calculator with standard statistical functions." and state the specific calculation, notation, or reasoning role it plays rather than treating it as a loose label.