Ecology

Adaptations, interdependence and competition

Ecosystem communities, abiotic and biotic factors, competition, interdependence, stability, and adaptation.

Organisation of an ecosystem

Biomass, food chains, predator-prey cycles, ecological sampling, cycling of materials, decomposition, and environmental change.

Biodiversity and the effect of human interaction on ecosystems

Biodiversity, pollution, land use, deforestation, global warming, conservation, sustainability, and conflicting human pressures.

Trophic levels in an ecosystem (biology only)

Trophic levels, biomass pyramids, biomass transfer, decomposers, and energy losses in food chains.

Food production (biology only)

Food security, farming techniques, sustainable fisheries, and biotechnology solutions.