The rate and extent of chemical change

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Sample objectives

What this unit covers

• Rate of reaction: Calculate rate from changes in mass or gas volume over time.
• Rate of reaction: Link a steeper graph gradient to a faster reaction rate.
• Rate of reaction: State that concentration of solutions affects reaction rate.
• Rate of reaction: State that surface area of solid reactants affects reaction rate.
• Rate of reaction: Distinguish collision frequency from collision energy when explaining rate changes.
• Rate of reaction: Explain that increasing surface area increases the number of exposed particles available for collisions.
• Rate of reaction: Explain that a catalyst pathway has a lower activation energy.
• Rate of reaction: Describe enzymes as biological catalysts.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: Explain that if one direction of a reversible reaction is exothermic, the opposite direction is endothermic.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: Identify whether the forward or reverse reaction is exothermic from given information.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: Distinguish closed systems from open systems for equilibrium.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: Use graphs or descriptions to identify when equilibrium has been reached.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Predict the direction of equilibrium shift from a stated change in conditions.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Explain why a closed system is required when applying equilibrium predictions.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Predict that increasing product concentration shifts equilibrium towards reactants.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Predict that decreasing product concentration shifts equilibrium towards products.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Predict that decreasing temperature favours the exothermic direction of a reversible reaction.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Use information about the exothermic or endothermic direction to predict product yield.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Predict that increasing pressure favours the side of a gaseous equilibrium with fewer molecules of gas.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: (HT only) Evaluate pressure choices for equilibrium reactions from yield, rate and operating cost information.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: Define a reversible reaction as a reaction in which products can react to make the original reactants.
• Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium: Identify the forward reaction and reverse reaction in a reversible reaction.