Describe environmental impacts that arise from using renewable energy resources.

Common trap

Renewable energy is always pollution‑free: Explain that while renewables emit little or no greenhouse gases during operation, they can still cause environmental impacts—for example, large solar farms require land and materials, wind turbines can affect bird and bat populations, and hydroelectric dams can alter river ecosystems and displace communities. Emphasise that all energy resources have some environmental footprint, but renewables generally have lower long‑term impacts compared with fossil fuels and nuclear energy.