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Cambridge IGCSE Biology practice

Paper 4 structured question: Sense organs

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Sense organs

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Paper 4Theory (Extended)4 marks

The pupil reflex controls the size of the pupil in response to light intensity.

Diagram Description

Diagram of the iris muscles

The diagram shows the circular muscles arranged in a ring around the pupil and the radial muscles arranged like spokes radiating outward from the pupil.

  1. a

    Explain how the circular and radial muscles in the iris work together to control the size of the pupil in different light conditions.

    Aim for approximately 4 distinct marking points.

    [4]

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Paper 4 structured question: Sense organs

Paper 4Theory (Extended)2 marks

Description

Pupil Reflex Description

When light intensity increases, the pupil becomes smaller. When light intensity decreases, the pupil becomes larger.

  1. a

    State which muscles contract to make the pupil smaller.

    Aim for approximately 1 distinct marking point.

    [1]
  2. b

    State which muscles contract to make the pupil larger.

    Aim for approximately 1 distinct marking point.

    [1]