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Cambridge IGCSE Biology practice

Paper 4 structured question: Chromosomes, genes and proteins

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Chromosomes, genes and proteins

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Paper 4Theory (Extended)3 marks

Understanding the movement of genetic information during protein synthesis is important.

Diagram Description

Protein Synthesis Pathway

Diagram shows the nucleus containing a gene, mRNA being produced and moving out to the cytoplasm, and ribosomes assembling amino acids into a protein.

  1. a

    Identify the molecule that carries the gene's code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

    Aim for approximately 1 distinct marking point.

    [1]
  2. b

    Explain why the gene does not leave the nucleus during protein synthesis.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]

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Paper 4 structured question: Chromosomes, genes and proteins

Paper 4Theory (Extended)3 marks

Description

Protein Synthesis Process

The gene remains in the nucleus. A copy of the gene called mRNA is produced in the nucleus. The mRNA moves to the cytoplasm and passes through ribosomes. Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins, with the amino acid sequence determined by the mRNA base sequence.

  1. a

    State where the gene remains during protein synthesis.

    Aim for approximately 1 distinct marking point.

    [1]
  2. b

    Explain how ribosomes use mRNA to assemble proteins.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]