Learning objective

Describe how the heart functions through the contraction of the atrial and ventricular muscles and the operation of the valves.

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Exam focus

Cambridge IGCSE BiologyTransport in animalsSupplement content

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Quick explanation

This point belongs to Heart, especially Heart outcomes.
You need to be able to describe how the heart functions through the contraction of the atrial and ventricular muscles and the operation of the valves.
The key ideas to know are Describe.
Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

Describe

Why it matters

This objective helps connect Heart outcomes to exam-style questions, flashcards, and revision notes for Heart.

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Practice Questions7 linked questions

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Paper 4Theory (Extended)4 marks

Diagram Description

A diagram shows the four chambers of the heart with valves between atria and ventricles and at the exits of ventricles.

Step	Action
1	Atrial muscles contract
2	Blood moves into ventricles
3	Ventricular muscles contract
4	Blood is pumped out of the heart
5	Valves prevent backflow

a
Describe how the contraction of the atrial and ventricular muscles helps the heart to pump blood.
Your answer
Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.
[2]
b
Describe the role of the valves during the heart's pumping cycle.
Your answer
Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.
[2]

Revision notestopic notes

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