The Periodic Table

Topics

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Sample objectives

What this unit covers

• Arrangement of elements: Explain how the Periodic Table organizes elements into rows and columns based on increasing atomic number.
• Arrangement of elements: Discuss the transition from metallic to non-metallic properties as you move across a period in the Periodic Table.
• Group I properties: Explain the characteristics of the alkali metals in Group I, specifically lithium, sodium, and potassium, noting their softness and the general trends observed as you move down the group, which include: (a) a decrease in melting point (b) an increase in density (c) an increase in reactivity
• Group I properties: Make predictions about the characteristics of other elements in Group I based on provided information regarding those elements
• Group VII properties: Explain that the Group VII halogens, which include chlorine, bromine, and iodine, are diatomic non-metals and identify the general trends observed as you move down the group, specifically: (a) an increase in density (b) a decrease in reactivity
• Group VII properties: Identify the physical appearances of the halogens at room temperature and pressure: (a) chlorine appears as a pale yellow-green gas (b) bromine appears as a red-brown liquid (c) iodine appears as a grey-black solid
• Transition elements: Explain the characteristics of transition metals, noting that they are metals with: (a) significant densities (b) elevated melting points (c) the ability to create colored compounds (d) a tendency to function as catalysts both in their elemental form and in compounds.
• Transition elements: Discuss the variable oxidation states of transition metal ions, specifically including iron in its +2 and +3 oxidation states.
• Noble gases: Explain that the noble gases in Group VIII are unreactive and exist as single atoms, relating this to their electronic structure.