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Identification of ions and gases
Explain the procedures for testing to identify the following anions: (a) carbonate (CO₃²⁻) by reacting with dilute acid and checking for carbon dioxide gas, (b) chloride (Cl⁻), bromide (Br⁻), and iodide (I⁻) by acidifying with dilute nitric acid followed by adding aqueous silver nitrate, and (c) sulfate (SO₄²⁻) by acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate.
4
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40
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28
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90 min
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CambridgeIGCSECombined ScienceExperimental techniques and chemical analysis
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- Explain the procedures for testing to identify the following anions: (a) carbonate (CO₃²⁻) by reacting with dilute acid and checking for carbon dioxide gas, (b) chloride (Cl⁻), bromide (Br⁻), and iodide (I⁻) by acidifying with dilute nitric acid followed by adding aqueous silver nitrate, and (c) sulfate (SO₄²⁻) by acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate.
- Outline the tests using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify the following cations: (a) ammonium (NH₄⁺), (b) calcium (Ca²⁺), (c) copper(II) (Cu²⁺), (d) iron(III) (Fe³⁺), (e) iron(II) (Fe²⁺), and (f) zinc (Zn²⁺). Note that the formulas of complex ions are not necessary.
- Describe the methods to identify the following gases: (a) ammonia (NH₃) using damp red litmus paper, (b) carbon dioxide (CO₂) using limewater, (c) chlorine (Cl₂) using damp litmus paper, (d) hydrogen (H₂) using a lighted splint, and (e) oxygen (O₂) using a glowing splint.
- Explain how to use a flame test to identify the following cations: (a) lithium (Li⁺), (b) sodium (Na⁺), (c) potassium (K⁺), and (d) copper(II) (Cu²⁺).
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