Motion, forces and energy

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Sample objectives

What this unit covers

• Physical quantities and measurement techniques: Explain how to use rulers and measuring cylinders to measure length and volume accurately.
• Physical quantities and measurement techniques: Explain the methods for measuring different time intervals with clocks and digital timers.
• Motion: Explain speed as the distance covered in a specific time period; recall and apply the formula s = d/t.
• Motion: Recall and apply the formula for average speed as total distance divided by total time.
• Mass and weight: Recognize that mass indicates the amount of matter contained in an object.
• Mass and weight: Recognize that weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object that possesses mass.
• Density: Explain density as the mass of an object divided by its volume; recall and apply the formula m = ρ × V.
• Density: Outline the methods for measuring the density of a liquid, a solid with a regular shape, and a solid with an irregular shape that sinks in a liquid (using volume displacement), including necessary calculations.
• Forces: Understand that forces can cause changes in an object's size, shape, and motion.
• Forces: Calculate the overall effect of two or more forces acting in the same direction.
• Energy, work and power: Identify the various forms in which energy can be stored, including kinetic, gravitational potential, chemical, elastic (strain), nuclear, electrostatic, and internal (thermal) energy.
• Energy, work and power: Explain how energy is transferred between different stores during various events and processes, providing examples such as mechanical work, electrical work, heating, and energy transfer through waves.
• Pressure: Explain how pressure changes based on the amount of force applied and the area over which it is distributed, using common real-life situations as examples.
• Pressure: State that pressure is calculated as the force applied divided by the area it acts upon; remember and apply the formula P = F/A.