The Periodic Table

Topics

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Sample objectives

What this unit covers

• Arrangement of elements: Explain how the Periodic Table organizes elements into periods and groups based on increasing atomic number.
• Arrangement of elements: Explain how the properties of elements transition from metallic to non-metallic as you move across a period.
• Group I properties: Explain that the alkali metals in Group I, specifically lithium, sodium, and potassium, are relatively soft metals and identify the general trends observed as you move down the group, which include: (a) a decrease in melting point, (b) an increase in density, and (c) an increase in reactivity with water.
• Group I properties: Make predictions about the characteristics of other elements in Group I based on provided information regarding those elements.
• Group VII properties: Explain that the Group VII halogens, which include chlorine, bromine, and iodine, are diatomic non-metals and identify the general trends observed as you move down the group, specifically noting the increase in density and decrease in reactivity.
• Group VII properties: Identify the physical appearances of the halogens at room temperature and pressure: chlorine is a pale yellow-green gas, bromine is a red-brown liquid, and iodine is a grey-black solid.
• Transition elements: Explain the characteristics of transition metals, noting that they are metals with significant density, elevated melting points, the ability to create colored compounds, and their frequent role as catalysts in both elemental and compound forms.
• Noble gases: Explain that the noble gases in Group VIII are unreactive and exist as single atoms, relating this to their electronic structure.