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Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Management practice

Paper 1 structured question: World fisheries

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World fisheries

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Paper 1Theory6 marks

Marine fish populations are influenced by ocean currents and water depth.

Description

Marine Fish Distribution

Shallow water fish populations are mainly found on continental shelves where sunlight supports rich ecosystems. Cold ocean currents bring nutrient-rich waters that support abundant fish populations, while warm currents generally have fewer nutrients and different fish species. ENSO events disrupt ocean currents and reduce fish populations along the Pacific coast of South America.

  1. a

    Describe how cold and warm ocean currents influence the distribution of marine fish populations.

    Aim for approximately 3 distinct marking points.

    [3]
  2. b

    Identify where shallow water marine fish populations are mainly found and explain why.

    Aim for approximately 3 distinct marking points.

    [3]

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Paper 1 structured question: World fisheries

Paper 1Theory6 marks

Description

Ocean Currents and Fish Distribution

Ocean currents can be broadly categorized as warm or cold. Warm currents flow from equatorial regions toward the poles, while cold currents flow from polar regions toward the equator. Shallow water fish populations are mainly found on continental shelves. Cold currents bring nutrient-rich waters that support abundant fish populations. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a periodic warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean that disrupts normal ocean currents and reduces fish populations along the Pacific coast of South America.

  1. a

    Outline the general locations of significant ocean currents and their temperature characteristics.

    Aim for approximately 2 distinct marking points.

    [2]
  2. b

    Explain how ENSO affects fisheries along the Pacific coast of South America.

    Aim for approximately 4 distinct marking points.

    [4]