Types and components of computer systems

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Sample objectives

What this unit covers

• Hardware and software: Understand that hardware includes the physical parts of a computer system such as the CPU, motherboard, RAM, ROM, graphics card, sound card, NIC, camera, storage devices, and input/output devices. Know that software consists of programs that control computer operations or process data, including application software like word processors, spreadsheets, databases, control and measurement tools, applets, video, graphics and audio editors, and CAD, as well as system software like compilers, linkers, device drivers, operating systems, and utilities. Recognize the differences between analogue and digital data, and explain why analogue data must be converted to digital for computer processing and digital data converted to analogue to control devices.
• The main components of computer systems: Understand the primary elements of computer systems, including the function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in executing instructions to generate output, the features of internal memory types such as ROM and RAM, the distinctions between ROM and RAM, the characteristics of input and output devices, the differences between these device types, and the attributes of backing storage along with how it differs from internal memory.
• Operating systems: Students should be familiar with operating systems, including their features such as Command Line Interface (CLI), Graphical User Interface (GUI), dialogue-based, and gesture-based interfaces. They should also understand the distinctions between various types of operating systems, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
• Types of computer: Learners should be familiar with the various types of computers, including their features and applications. They should understand the characteristics of desktop computers, such as their use in office management, education, gaming, and entertainment. Additionally, they should know about mobile computers, including laptops, smartphones, tablets, and phablets, along with their applications in similar fields. Furthermore, learners should be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different computer types, focusing on aspects like portability and expandability.
• Emerging technologies: Candidates must be familiar with the effects of new technologies on daily life, including aspects such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and extended reality (both virtual and augmented).