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What this unit covers

• General properties of waves: Understand that waves carry energy without moving matter from one place to another.
• General properties of waves: Explain wave motion using examples such as vibrations in ropes and springs, as well as experiments with water waves.
• Reflection of light: Explain and apply the definitions of normal, angle of incidence, and angle of reflection.
• Reflection of light: Illustrate how a plane mirror creates an optical image and describe its features, such as being the same size, equidistant from the mirror, and virtual.
• Refraction of light: Explain and apply the concepts of normal line, angle of incidence, and angle of refraction.
• Refraction of light: Outline a procedure for an experiment demonstrating the refraction of light using transparent blocks of various shapes.
• Thin lenses: Explain how thin converging and diverging lenses affect a parallel beam of light.
• Thin lenses: Define and apply the concepts of focal length, principal axis, and principal focus (focal point).
• Dispersion of light: Explain how light is dispersed when white light passes through a glass prism, demonstrating the concept of refraction.
• Dispersion of light: Identify the seven traditional colors of the visible spectrum, arranged by their frequency and wavelength.
• Electromagnetic spectrum: Identify the primary sections of the electromagnetic spectrum arranged by frequency and wavelength.
• Electromagnetic spectrum: Recognize that all electromagnetic waves move at the same high speed when in a vacuum.
• Sound: Explain how sound is created by objects that vibrate.
• Sound: Explain that sound waves are longitudinal waves.