The Six Articles of Faith Revision Notes

The Six Articles of Faith are central to Sunni Islamic belief and provide a framework for understanding the religion's teachings. They represent key convictions that Muslims hold about God, the universe, and human existence. These beliefs are not merely theoretical but deeply influence how Muslims live, worship, and relate to others.

The articles are: Tawhid (the oneness of God), Risalah (the role of prophets), Akhirah (belief in life after death), Malaʾikah (the existence of angels), Qadar (predestination), and Kutub (the holy books). Each article addresses a fundamental aspect of faith and together they form a coherent worldview.

• Six Articles of Faith form the foundation of Sunni Islam.
• They guide both belief and practice.
• Each article covers a distinct but interconnected concept.

Tawhid is the belief that God (Allah) is one, unique, and indivisible. This means God has no partners, equals, or divisions. Tawhid rejects any form of polytheism or association of others with God. It emphasises God's absolute unity in essence, attributes, and sovereignty.

This belief shapes Muslim worship, which is directed solely to God. For example, Muslims pray only to Allah and avoid practices that might imply worship of other beings or idols. Tawhid also influences ethical behaviour, as Muslims recognise God's authority over all aspects of life.

An example is the declaration of faith (Shahada), which states there is no god but Allah, affirming Tawhid in daily practice.

• God is singular and unique with no equals.
• Worship is directed only to God.
• Shapes Muslim identity and ethical conduct.

Risalah refers to the belief that God sends prophets to guide humanity. Prophets convey God's message, teach moral principles, and exemplify righteous living. Muslims believe that many prophets were sent, including Adam, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, who is considered the final prophet.

This belief highlights the importance of following prophetic teachings as a way to live according to God's will. For instance, Muslims study the life of Muhammad to understand how to apply Islamic principles.

Different perspectives exist on the role of prophets: some emphasise their human nature, while others focus on their divine mission. Regardless, prophets are seen as essential links between God and humans.

• Prophets deliver God's guidance to people.
• Muhammad is the final prophet.
• Following prophetic example is key to faith.

Akhirah is the belief in an afterlife where individuals are held accountable for their actions on earth. Muslims believe that after death, souls are judged by God and sent to Paradise or Hell based on their deeds and faith.

This belief encourages moral responsibility and hope for justice beyond this life. For example, Muslims may endure hardship patiently, trusting in reward in the afterlife.

It also influences rituals such as funerals and prayers for the dead, reflecting respect for the soul's journey.

• Life continues after death with divine judgment.
• Encourages ethical living and accountability.
• Shapes rituals related to death and remembrance.

Malaʾikah are spiritual beings created by God who perform various tasks, such as delivering messages, recording deeds, and protecting individuals. Angels are considered obedient servants of God without free will.

Belief in angels reinforces the idea that God's presence and authority extend beyond the visible world. For example, Muslims believe the angel Jibril (Gabriel) revealed the Quran to Muhammad.

This belief also reminds Muslims that their actions are observed and recorded, promoting mindfulness and sincerity.

• Angels are God's messengers and servants.
• They have specific roles like revelation and recording deeds.
• Their existence supports belief in divine oversight.

Qadar means that God has knowledge and control over everything that happens. This includes human actions, natural events, and the course of history. Muslims believe that while God’s will is supreme, humans have free will to choose their actions and are responsible for them.

This belief can provide comfort during difficulties, as Muslims trust that God’s plan is ultimately good. For example, a Muslim facing hardship might accept it as part of God’s wisdom.

However, there are different interpretations about how free will and predestination coexist, leading to rich theological discussions within Islam.

• God knows and controls all events.
• Humans have free will but within God's knowledge.
• Offers comfort and encourages responsibility.