J ewish beliefs about the Torah; different ways in which Jews understand and interpret the Torah

Understand Jewish beliefs regarding the Torah and the various interpretations of it, including: (a) its role as an authority and the commandments (mitzvot), (b) its nature as a divine revelation, (c) its function as a basis for moral guidelines, including positive mitzvot (actions Jews are encouraged to take) and negative mitzvot (actions Jews are discouraged from taking) as seen in the Ten Commandments and the Noahide laws, and (d) the significance of these beliefs in Jewish life.