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Topics

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Sample objectives

What this unit covers

• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the way the sub-cellular structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are related to their functions, covering: a animal cells – nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes b plant cells – nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuole and ribosomes c bacteria – chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes and flagella.
• Key concepts in biology: Give a clear account of the way specialised cells are adapted to their function, covering: a sperm cells – acrosome, haploid nucleus, mitochondria and tail b egg cells – nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus and changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation c ciliated epithelial cells.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the way changes in microscope technology, covering electron microscopy, have enabled us to see cell structures and organelles with more clarity and detail than in the past and increased our understanding of the role of sub-cellular structures.
• Key concepts in biology: Show secure understanding of number, size and scale, covering the use of estimations and explain when they should be used.
• Key concepts in biology: Show secure understanding of the connection between quantitative units when working with cells, covering: a milli (10 − 3) b micro (10 − 6) c nano (10 − 9) d pico (10 − 12).
• Key concepts in biology: At Higher tier, master the complete requirement: Show secure understanding of the connection between quantitative units when working with cells, covering: a milli (10 − 3) b micro (10 − 6) c nano (10 − 9) d pico (10 − 12) e calculations with numbers expressed in standard form.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the mechanism of enzyme action covering the active site and enzyme specificity.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the way enzymes may be denatured because of changes in the shape of the active site.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the effects of temperature, substrate concentration and pH on enzyme activity.
• Key concepts in biology: Plan and carry out the core practical investigating the effect of pH on enzyme activity.
• Key concepts in biology: Show secure understanding of rate calculations for enzyme activity.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the importance of enzymes as biological catalysts in the synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids and their breakdown into sugars, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol.
• Key concepts in biology: Plan and carry out the core practical investigating the use of chemical reagents to identify starch, reducing sugars, proteins and fats.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the way the energy contained in food may be measured using calorimetry.
• Key concepts in biology: Build an explanation of the way substances are transported into and out of cells, covering by diffusion, osmosis and active transport.
• Key concepts in biology: Plan and carry out the core practical investigating osmosis in potatoes.
• Key concepts in biology: Work out percentage gain and loss of mass in osmosis.