Periodicity key terms

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number, which reflects periodic trends in properties.

Block classification

The categorization of elements into s, p, d, and f blocks based on their electron configurations and the orbitals that are being filled.

Proton number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity and position in the periodic table.

Periodic table

A tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number, reflecting periodic trends in properties.

Electron Configuration

The distribution of electrons in an atom's electron shells and subshells, which determines its chemical properties.

Periodic Trends

Patterns observed in the periodic table, such as ionization energy, electronegativity, and atomic radius, that vary predictably across periods and groups.

Atomic Radius

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Effective Nuclear Charge

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom, accounting for shielding by other electrons.

Ionisation Energy

The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

Periodicity

The repeating pattern of chemical and physical properties of the elements across different periods in the periodic table.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid, indicating the energy required to overcome intermolecular or interatomic forces.

Giant Covalent Structure

A three-dimensional network of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds, resulting in high melting and boiling points.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).